Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - Essay Example Further, with the 16-detector row CT (16D-CT), the spatial resolution increased and the contrast medium efficiency improved. Finally, with the 64-detector row CT (64D-CT) scanner, a true isotropic high spatial resolution of the entire volume was possible. Thus, the multi-detector row CT angiography (MDCTA) has developed as an accurate method in assessing the peripheral arteries. Clinical history This is the clinical history of a 70-year old man who presented in the hospital with symptoms of pain in the calf muscle with walking that was relieved with rest. He also gave a history of diabetes and hypertension for the past 25 years. Although he was taking medication for both diabetes and hypertension, it was poorly controlled. Blood analysis revealed an elevated fasting and postprandial sugar values. Physical examination revealed an elevated blood pressure measurement. Examination of the feet revealed distal hair loss, trophic skin changes and hypertrophic nails. There was ulceration in the heel. Social history revealed that he was a chronic smoker for the past 30 years and had a sedentary lifestyle. His physician advised him to undergo a CT angiography and he presented in the radiology department for the same. Pathology Atherosclerosis, which primarily is a systemic inflammatory process, is the most common cause of PAD. Histopathologically, an atherosclerotic lesion is initiated with the appearance of fatty streaks, which initiates an inflammatory process. This promotes the deposition of cholesterol, and finally, plaque buildup (Garcia 2006). Plaque is made up of fat, fibrin, cellular waste products, cholesterol and calcium.

Managing the Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing the Curriculum - Essay Example to the identification, implementation and evaluation of policies that aim to support the various phases of learning, as these activities are also known as management of the curriculum. The review of the literature related to this subject has revealed an important fact: the state has the key role in defining the curriculum, both as a syllabus and as a learning process; still, the decisive role of principal/ head of educational institute in managing the curriculum cannot be doubted. In fact, the terms on which the management of curriculum is based are highly influenced by the decisions of principals and educators; the latter are those who apply the curriculum in practice and can, therefore, introduce important changes in each management on the basis that the key principles of education, such as equality and diversity are not violated, as analyzed below. A critical issue when managing Curriculum is the right of all children/ students to education no matter their physical or mental conditions. This right has been also described as the right to inclusion and refers to the need for securing the access to education for all children and students despite their potential disability (Wearmouth et al. 2013). Inclusion, as described above, is considered as a reflection of social justice, i.e. the need for the elimination of discrimination in all aspects of social life (Wearmouth et al. 2013). However, in order to be effectively promoted inclusion needs to be based on specific criteria. In other words, without a carefully planned strategy inclusion cannot be achieved at the level that delays would appear in regard to each of its processes (Sydney 2013). From a similar point of view it is noted that inclusion cannot be achieved only by applying a specific policy (Sydney 2013). Rather, it should be based on the understanding of all people in the educational site involved of the value and the necessity of inclusion; in other words, inclusion is